• Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC is the fifth most

  2022-07-28

  

  Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most lethal malignant tumor worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death [1]. For HCC patients, Temsirolimus virus (HBV) infection is the important causative risk factor in Asia-Pacific regions [[2], [3], [4]]. In China,

• Haploid germ cell specific nuclear

  2022-07-28

  

  Haploid germ cell-specific nuclear protein kinase (Haspin) proteins are divergent members of the eukaryotic protein kinase family. Haspin (encoded by germ cell-specific gene 2: Gsg2) is found in many eukaryotic lineages (animal, fungi, and plants), and the protein and its mRNA were initially detecte

• The PI K PTEN Akt mTORC GSK

  2022-07-27

  

  The PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1/GSK-3 pathway also plays key roles in metabolism, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (, , , , ). Sometimes such clinical problems such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic disorders are interlinked with cancer. Clearly further elucidation of the roles of GSK-3 could

• br Acknowledgments We thank Dr Kathleen Sullivan of Merck Re

  2022-07-27

  

  Acknowledgments We thank Dr Kathleen Sullivan of Merck Research Laboratories for providing the CHO-K1 Aurora Kinase Inhibitor III expressing an NFAT-β-lactamase reporter and the Gα subunit Gqi5, Dr. Chen Liaw (Arena Pharmaceutical), Ms. Rebecca Kaplan, Mr. Frank Xiaodong Gan for technical assist

• It is well known that the expression of

  2022-07-27

  

  It is well known that the expression of GPR109A is regulated under physiological and pathological conditions. We previously found that GPR109A expression in islet beta-cells increased with age and was up-regulated by interferon-γ (Li et al., 2011). GPR109A levels in Min6 and INS-1E islet beta-cells

• br Introduction In the treatment of patients with AIDS and

  2022-07-27

  

  Introduction In the treatment of patients with AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), anti-retroviral therapy (ART), which uses anti-HIV drugs such as protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors and reverse transferase inhibitors, has made a major contribution. There are still some s

• Autophagy as an important cellular process has drawn attenti

  2022-07-27

  

  Autophagy as an important cellular process has drawn attentions to its role in cardiovascular systems [16]. Autophagy is a self-digestion and degradation process that recycles the contents of the cytosol, including macromolecules and cellular organelles, resulting in self-repair and conservation for

• Extending the issue of the species

  2022-07-27

  

  Extending the issue of the species differences, the role of neuroestradiol in the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge might be specific to primates or species with a luteal phase. For example, animals with a true luteal phase, such as monkeys and sheep, exhibit a long preovulatory GnRH surge, lasting well af

• Mast cells isolated from mice

  2022-07-27

  

  Mast dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor isolated from mice and rats are able to take up histamine from the microenvironment (Day and Green, 1962, Cabut and Haegermark, 1966). It has been considered that the uptake of extracellular histamine into bone marrow-derived mast cell granules is mediated by

• benzbromarone synthesis br Results and discussion br Conclus

  2022-07-27

  

  Results and discussion Conclusions TZDs represent a well-studied group of antidiabetic agents. Based on previous observations of the ability of some TZDs to activate FFAR1, we designed five scaffolds consisting of the TZD head, a linker, and a carefully selected privileged structure. For the p

• Administration of a fructose rich diet to normal rats induce

  2022-07-27

  

  Administration of a fructose-rich diet to normal rats induces insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, depending on treatment duration [23]. We have shown that development of these abnormalities as well as fat deposit in liver, are effectively prevented by co-administration of

• Interruption of glucagon signaling pathway targeting glucago

  2022-07-27

  

  Interruption of glucagon signaling pathway targeting glucagon receptor (GCGR) by gene knockout, antisense oligonucleotides or specific antagonists induces α-cell hyperplasia and alleviates hyperglycemia and other metabolic symptoms in diabetic animals and patients [[7], [8], [9]]. Here we used a ful

• Taken together our results show that at least in

  2022-07-27

  

  Taken together, our results show that, at least in the in vitro cell line model, methylation within the proximal promoter region of GHSR is an important determinant of its expression; however, to determine whether this represents a physiologically and or pathophysiologically relevant event, further

• One major issue has dominated studies of the nematode connec

  2022-07-27

  

  One major issue has dominated studies of the nematode connectome: its reproducibility. The difficulties that had to be surmounted just to assemble a complete wiring diagram precluded comparisons of the complete wiring from several different animals. Instead the earliest adult hermaphrodite wiring di

• br Material and methods br Results and

  2022-07-27

  

  Material and methods Results and discussion Discussion It is well established that the guanosine-rich DNA sequences within telomeric DNA repeats, and in the promoter regions of a number of oncogenes or proto-oncogenes such as c-myc [20,23], VEGF [28,48,49] and Bcl-2 [21,50], can readily ass

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